The Wanggungni Archeological Site of Iksan (Historic Site, designated on September 11, 1998) is also known as Wanggungpyeong, Wanggeomi, and Wanggeumseong. This site is presumed to have housed a palace in ancient times, and has thus attracted keen interest not only among academia but also among the general public. From the end of the Baekje period to the Unified Silla period, this site was considered very important both politically and militarily according to The History of the Three Kingdoms, among other ancient literary materials. As such, this area has been associated with various theories concerning the existence of an ancient palace, including the relocation of Mahan's capital, Gijun; King Muwang's relocation of Baekje’s capital, Geumma, or the Byeoldoseol theory; the establishment of the state of Bodeokguk by An Seung of Unified Silla; and Gyeonhwon's establishment of the Hubaekje capital. During the dismantling and restoration of the Wanggungni Five-story Stone Pagoda (National Treasure, designated on January 1, 1997) in 1965, numerous relics - including gold Geumganggyeong sutra plates, glass sarira bottles, gold dishes, and various reliquaries, all presumed to date to the Goryeo period – were discovered inside the pagoda, leading to its designation as National Treasure. Furthermore, roof tiles bearing the inscriptions Sangbueulwa and Gwangungsa were unearthed around the pagoda, suggesting that this site was a temple within a palace.

The Buyeo National Institute of Cultural Heritage carried out an excavation survey of the Wanggungni Historic Site in Iksan between 1989 and the end of 2012 as part of the project for overhauling historic sites from the past territory of the Baekje. As a result of the survey, the structure and nature of Wanggung Castle from the Sabi-Baekje Period were confirmed. The castle was on a flat rectangular area that was surrounded by a wall that was 240m (latitudinal) by 490m (longitudinal) long. Castle wall related ancillary facilities that were confirmed included for the following areas: gate sites, water gates, and culverts. The space in front of Latitudinal Stone Embankment-4 was the section where palace buildings were located and the space behind it was the section where the rear garden was located. The palace building section displays the trace of a palatial residence was 7 x 4 kan* in size and a roof tile-stacked stylobate building site. The existence of a garden was confirmed near the said stone embankment. The existence of a large-scale curved water channel was confirmed in the rear garden. Other facilities discovered included: production facilities, such as workshops; and temple facilities, such as stone pagodas; the Main Hall; and a sermon hall. 7,000-plus relics were unearthed, including roof tiles that were engraved with inscriptions of the name of the capital, convex roof-end tiles with lotus patterns, Chinese-made celadon pieces, and chimney decorations.

*1 kan refers to the length of the space between two columns, which comes to 210cm - 300cm.

Aerial view of the Wanggungni Historic Site

South rampart east gate-site banked earth layers

East rampart structure

East and west stone structure 1

Aerial view of the surroundings of the large building site

Site with one building and two rooms

Roof-tile-connected facilities

Aerial view of the back garden

Center of the garden

Stones excavated from the garden

The surroundings of northwest large stone drainage facilities

Large toilet 1

Wooden toiletry items excavated from large toilet 1

Remains of glass production facility excavated from the northwest workshop

Remains of gold production facility excavated from the northwest workshop

Aerial view of temple facilities

Reliquaries excavated from the Wanggungni Five-story Stone Pagoda

Relics excavated from the Wanggungni Historic Site

A view of a curved water channel

A view of the site of a rear garden

Survey overview

In 2013 and 2014, we plan to carry out a systematic and detailed excavation survey to obtain materials for overhauling and restoring sites that have yet to be surveyed. We will finish a survey of the rear garden area. In 2014, we will check outside of the castle walls to find out whether or not the place was really a royal capital.

Survey overview

In 2012, we carried out a survey of the sites of the buildings to the west of the temple’s Main Hall and of the site of a building that was to the west of the temple, whose size was confirmed through a survey that was conducted in 2004 and 2009. The western section of the building site is rectangular (44.45m x 12.6.). It is presumed that there was a main section of the building that was composed of 5m-long rooms and ancillary rooms, which were outside of the main section (i.e., to the east and west of the main section). This was determined based on the traces of ancillary rooms and extending foundation. It is presumed that the main section was extended to the southern part of the building and that it had eight rooms.

The site of a building to the west of the temple area is sized 32.4m x 34.8m. It was built right next to the stone embankment bordering the western section of the temple area. The site of a building to the west of the temple area is sized 32.4m x 34.8m. It was built right next to the stone embankment bordering the western section of the temple area. The six stone bases found inside of the site of a building with stone exteriors leads us to guess that there were facilities with different supra-structures.

Survey overview

See A Related Image

Historic site excavated in 2004

Excavated bricks with floral design

Kiln site (South)

Kiln No. 1 (South)

Kiln No. 3 (South)

Wooden pagoda site at Wangheungsa Temple Site

East-west stone wall structure

Wooden pagoda site and stone wall structure

Wooden pagoda site

Exposed foundation stone of wooden pagoda

Exposed stone cover of sarira reliquary

Exposed sarira reliquary after its stone cover was opened

Bronze sarira reliquary and gold and silver sarira bottles

Bronze sarira reliquary with inscription

Details of inscription

Objects for repelling evil spirits

Decorative moulding

Aerial view of the western borderline area from the 11th survey

A corner of the western borderline area from the 11th survey

A view of the site of a building in the western section of the area

A view of the site of a building to the west of the temple area

The Jeongnimsa Temple Site of Buyeo (Historic Site) is a Baekje temple located at #254, Dongnam-ri, Buyeo-eup, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do. Situated within the premises are the Five-story Stone Pagoda of Jeongnimsa Temple in Buyeo (National Treasure, designated on December 30, 1962) and the Seated Stone Buddha of Jeongnimsa Temple in Buyeo (Treasure, designated on January 21, 1963). The excavated lotus basin, main gate, main prayer hall and corridor sites have been restored and opened to the general public.

The first-level body of the Five-story Stone Pagoda bears the Tang Sojeongbang inscription "Daedangpyeong Baekjeguk" (dated August 15, 660), which celebrates a military victory, ending with Ganja bochal yonggisugong. The seated Buddha is located at the lecture hall site of the temple, leading experts to presume that it was erected in the Goryeo period.

The temple was given the name Jeongnimsa when a fragment of a Goryeo rooftile bearing the inscription “Daepyeongpalnyeonmujinjeongnimsa daejangdangcho” was discovered near the lecture hall site during the Japanese colonial period. This discovery led experts to presume that the temple was active at least until the reign of King Hyeonjong of Goryeo (1028).

The whole of the temple premises were surveyed by the Japanese Government of Korea from 1942 to 1943. From 1979 to 1984, the entire premises including the lotus basin were surveyed by Chungnam National University (CNU) Museum, Buyeo Museum, and the BCH. In 1989, the former Ginseng Depot Site was surveyed by the Jeongnimsa Site Excavation Survey Center, and the lecture hall site was surveyed by Wongwang University Museum in 1992.

Some years later, in 2009, the BCH surveyed the whole central area of the temple as Buyeo-gun was planning to restore the temple site. The 2008 survey focused on the lecture hall site and the east area, which covers the Baekje lecture hall site, the east annexed building site, and the stone drainage structures, as well as the foundation facility of the Goryeo east corridor site. The 2009 survey focused on the west area, the main prayer hall site and the main gate site, which cover the remains of the workshop built prior to the construction of the temple, the temple corridor site, the stone drainage structures, and the west annexed building site, as well as the Goryeo main prayer hall site, the main gate site, and the kiln site. These surveys revealed that the temple site was created using the slope-type banking method, that the pre-temple construction area housed workshop facilities, and that the temple was rebuilt after it was burnt down prior to 1028 (Goryeo period). The tenth survey (2010) focused on an area covering 5,000㎡ behind the current protective housing (lecture hall), the main prayer hall site - stone pagoda site, and the lecture hall site - main prayer hall site. As a result, the existence of what were presumed to be the Baekje temple north building site, trenches, and wall structures, as well as the Goryeo temple foundation stone facility, were confirmed in the east area behind the protective housing. Elsewhere, in the trench running between the main prayer hall site and the stone pagoda site, the presence of coal layers at the pre-temple construction banking bottom was confirmed, providing insight into the site prior to the temple’s construction.

Survey overview

See A Related Image

2008~2009 Jeongnim-sa Temple Site Exca-vation Survey

Goryeo kiln

Site of Main Prayer Hall, Goryeo Jeong-nimsa Temple

Main Gate of Goryeo Jeongnimsa Temple

Tiles with inscription, Goryeo Jeongnimsa Temple

Stylobate and peri-pheral reinforced facility at Baekje Lec-ture Hall Site

Cross-section of plain-piled tile stylobate of Baekje lecture hall

Cross-section of com-bined-piled tile stylo-bate of Baekje lecture-hall

Lecture Hall Site and East Building Site, Baekje Jeongnimsa Temple

East Building Site, Baekje Jeongnimsa Temple

West Corridor Site, Baekje Jeongnimsa Temple

Sculpted Image Baekje, Jeongnimsa Temple

Fountain-type Man-hole and East Area Remains, Baekje Jeongnimsa Temple

Fountain-type Manhole, Baekje Jeong-nimsa Temple

Remains of workshop used prior to the con-struction of Baekje Jeongnimsa Temple

Inside the Presumed Baekje North Building Site

Tile Stylobate and Stone Wall Structure at Presumed Baekje North Building Site

Presumed Baekje North Building Site (Viewed from east)

The Gwanbungni Baekje Historic Site of Buyeo (Historic Site) is most likely the site of a royal palace of the Baekje Sabi period (538~660). In 1982, a number of Baekje historic relics including cornerstones and roof tiles were found there, raising the likelihood that it was a royal palace of the Baekje Sabi period. Afterwards, from 1982 ~ 1992, seven surveys by the CNU Museum confirmed the presence of Baekje ponds and roads, as well as the sites of various buildings. As a result, the site was designated as a historic site in 2001, leading the BCH to survey the site thus far (8th - 13th).

In its eighth survey (2001~02), the BCH finalized the ongoing survey of the ponds to the south and southeast of the site, and discovered a banked site from the Baekje Sabi period, its peripheral protective stone structures, the site of a tiled-roof house, and the site of a workshop where gold, silver, gilt-bronze, iron and glass artifacts were made.

The 9th survey (2003) led to the discovery of Baekje Sabi-period storage facilities to the southwest of the BCH, where various fruit seeds - including melon, Siberian gooseberry, peach, and Korean wild grape seeds - were found. These storage facilities were built by digging deep holes in the ground and installing structures made of wooden boards and wooden panels.

The tenth survey (2004) focused on an area situated further west than that explored during the ninth survey, revealing not only the traces of wooden storehouses, but also those of stone storehouses and a number of storage pits, indicating that diverse types of storage spaces were used to accommodate vast quantities of diverse items, according to diverse storage methods.

The eleventh survey (2005~06), which focused on the whole area to the west of the BCH, discovered traces of a large-tiled building comparable to an ancient Japanese palace in terms of its size and shape, and two sets of wooden water tanks and water pipelines made of tiles, which were identified as Baekje water supply and sewage systems. In addition, wooden and stone storehouses, roads, and drainage facilities that could recover Baekje Sabi Palace compounds, a road system, and fence structures were all discovered there. The 12th survey (2007) extended into the area to the southwest of the BCH. Stone structures, tile structures, and drainage facilities were additionally discovered.

The 13th survey (2008) confirmed the remaining portion of drainage pipelines made of tiles No. 2, which was discovered in the 2006 survey of Zone Ma. Various structures in the lowlying reclaimed swamp area, fence structures, and wall structures, among other presumed northern-limit facilities, were also surveyed. Revetment stone structures and a natural waterway presumably created after the mid-9th century, one stone row of a presumed building stylobate, and three fountains were discovered during this survey.

Survey overview

Exposed lotus basin

Wood depot No. 1

Wooden water tank No. 2 and tiled waterway

Large building site

Storage facility cluster

Exposed pond

2006 surveyed area

Underground wooden storehouse No. 2

Large pavilion building

Wooden water tank No. 2, road, and waterpipeline

Woodwn water tanks Nos. 1 and 2

1st-2nd wall structures and tiled facility

Zone 1 survey

Zone 1 earth conduct pipe

2008 excavation survey

2008 survey area

Tiled facility

Fence and tile drainage

Road

Square water catchment facility

Stone drainage facility

Remains of tile row, and square water catchment facility

Wall structure

The Gunsuri Temple Site of Buyeo, located at #19-1, Gunsu-ri, Buyeo-eup, Buyeo-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, consists of the remains of a temple dating back to the Baekje Sabi Period (538~660). This historic site was revealed by two archeological excavations in 1935-1936 during the Japanese colonial period. The survey was conducted by Japanese scholars Ishida and Saito for a short one-and-a-half-month period. The survey revealed the typical structure of a Baekje temple comprising one pagoda and one main prayer hall, as well as annexed building sites, namely, a bell tower and sutra depository sites, east and west corridor sites, and an east building site. In addition, two Buddha images were excavated from the top of the wooden pagoda’s foundation stone, confirming the site as a temple site, while a number of relics including ornaments, gilt-bronze artifact fragments and box-type brick fragments were discovered bearby, thus increasing the temple site’s importance. The site was designated as Historic Site on January 21, 1963. (The designated area covers 11,213㎡.)

A re-survey of the Gunsuri Temple Site of Buyeo was conducted by the BCH in 2005, some 70 years after its discovery, at the request of Buyeo-gun, as it was planning to improve and restore the site. The survey sought to identify the order of the site's archeological earth layers, and the exact location and size of the temple, and to determine the site's relationship with Gungnamji (Historic Site).

The 3rd (2005) and 4th (2006) surveys thus identified the accurate locations and dimensions of the wooden pagoda and the main prayer hall at the Gunsuri Temple Site, and confirmed the existence of a crooked road running west of the wooden pagoda’s foundation stones. However, the corridor site and the east stylobate site, which had been confirmed in the first and second reports, were lost due to development of the surrounding areas.

The 5th survey (2007) focused on further identification of the main prayer hall site and the area east of the premises. As a result, the main prayer hall was presumed to have had the dimensions of 27.27m×20m, butit was difficult to determine its size with any real accuracy due to the loss of its eastern edges. The stylobate was built with ties and bricks after the exteriors of the stylobate ground; its south part was built by piling combined tiles and the north part by piling tiles in vertical rows. The existence of staircase bottom structures was confirmed at the center of the south, west and north areas around the main prayer hall. Layers of Baekje relics, a prototype stone facility, and a tile dump site among others were also confirmed.

The precise survey of rows of piled tiles, confirmed in the third survey in 2005, did not confirm the possibility that they could be the remains of a building site and a walking facility. The presence of a baked earth layer was confirmed at the bottom of the prototype stone facility bottom, but its nature could not be identified with any precision. The relationship between the east remains - including this facility and the central area - will be further surveyed along with the overall earth layer patterns. The relics excavated here include roof-end tiles, fragments of roof tiles with the inscription "Sa" (巳), and ridge-end tiles originating from the Baekje Sabi.

In 2011, we confirmed the existence of relics from a survey of the site of the western section (a roofed corridor and ancillary buildings) of the area, which had been confirmed during a survey that was carried out in the colonial period. It is presumed that the relic-bearing layer of the site of the roofed corridor mostly disappeared due to farming in the ensuing periods. The site of a building (1 x 1 kan* in size) was confirmed at a site where convex roof-end tiles and earthenware from the Sabi-Baekje Era were unearthed to the northwest of the site of the western section (roofed corridor) of the area.

*1 kan refers to the length of the space between two columns, which comes to 210cm - 300cm.

Aerial view of Gunsuri Temple Site

Wooden pagoda site

Tile stylobate and foundation stones, main prayer hall site

Combined-tile stylobate (South), main prayer hall site

Foundation stones (West), exposed wooden pagoda site

Brick stylobate, wooden pagoda site

Roof tiles with the inscriptions Sa (巳) and Mo (毛)

Stylobate structure with vertical-row tiles

Ridge-end tile fragments

Various types of plain and box-type brick fragments

Various types of roof-end tiles with lotus design

Various ornaments

Various household items

Main prayer hall site and wooden pagoda site, Gunsuri Temple Site

A view of the site of a building

The site of Jeseoksa Temple (Historic Site) in Iksan has drawn attention as being the site of the royal court temple (location: 247-1 Wanggung-ri, Wanggung-myeon, Iksan-si) that is associated with the King Mu of the Baekje and his control over Iksan. About 1.4km away to its west, lies the site of Wanggung Castle, which was formed during the reign of King Mu (r. 600-641). Nearby relevant sites include the following places: the site of Mireuksa Temple, which is about 5km to the northwest; and Sajaam Temple, which is about 6km to the north-northwest.

According to The Records of Kuan-yin’s Miraculous Responses, which was written in the Six Dynasties Period of China, King Mu of Baekje relocated the capital to Jimomilji (now Iksan) and built Jeseokjeongsa Temple. Major buildings of the temple (i.e., the sermon hall, a 7-tiered wooden pagoda, corridors, and other rooms) were all burned during a severe lightning storm in 639 (the 40th year of King Mu’s reign).

What Jeseoksa Temple was really like was beginning to come to light due to the excavation survey that was carried out in 1993 by the Research Institute for the Mahan-Baekje Culture of Wonkwang University. The survey confirmed that the layout of the temple was composed of a main hall and a pagoda. Roof tiles containing the inscription of the name Jeseoksa and concave roof-end tiles with honeysuckle patterns were unearthed at that time.
In 2003 and 2004, an excavation survey was carried out on an area to the northwest of the site of Jeseoksa Temple. Thus, the area came to be known as an olden-day dumpsite associated with the temple, and not as roof tile kiln as had been believed until that time. This revelation came about based on convex roof-end tiles containing lotus patterns, roof tiles with inscribed names, clay images, and wall structure debris dating back to the early 7th Century.
In 2002, the city of Iksan set up a plan for the overhaul of the Jeseoksa Temple site in conjunction with a possibility raised by researchers for there being a close relation between the Wanggung-ri site (Wanggung Castle) and the Mireuksa Temple site. This was in connection with the theory about there having been a relocation of the Baekje capital to Iksan. We carried out an excavation survey from 2007-2012 by placing our focus on the area that had been purchased from private owners and where obstacles had been removed as part this plan.

Excavation surveys were carried out as follows: the first survey (6/2007-8/2008) was focused on the temple area (9,100㎡), including the sites of a wooden pagoda, the Main Hall, and the sermon hall. The second survey (11/2008-12/2009) was focused on an area (15,118㎡) that included part of the outside of the temple area, such as the sites of the Middle Gate, the roofed corridor, and ancillary buildings. The next survey (9/2011-10/2012) was focused on the layout and size of the temple via the excavation of an area (16,512㎡) to the west of the sites of the sermon hall, the monks’ quarters, and part of the roofed corridors. The layout of Jeseoksa Temple was basically similar to those of temples that had been built during the Sabi-Baekje Period, but its overall size was larger than the others (the distance between the roofed corridors in the east and the west: 104m; the distance beteen the Middle Gate and monks’ quarters: 174m).

The methods used to construct the central buildings of Jeseoksa as displayed by the sites of a wooden pagoda, the Main Hall, and the rectangular buildings were as follows: at first, the foundation was compacted with the work of excavating the surface of the soil and then the foundation was raised through the heaping of soil.

The rectangular site of a building, which was newly discovered in a western space between the sites of a wooden pagoda and the Main Hall, displayed a striking similarity to the site of a wooden pagoda in terms of size and building technique. It provided a new clue about the changes that the temple had gone through. In the four corners of the foundation of this building and the wooden pagoda, we found underground paths that were supposedly used for the task of building the foundation.
We also found many relics that indicated as to when the temple was built and operated. They were mostly unearthed from areas outside of the western foundation of the site of the Main Hall and near the eastern and northern foundations of the wooden pagoda site. These reclicsincluded: concave roof-end tiles with honeysuckle patterns, roof tiles with inscriptions (including inscriptions indicating the time of the Unified Silla Period), convex roof-end tiles with lotus patterns, roof tiles with “丁易” or “丁易寺” or “辰•午•止”inscribed on them, box-shaped bricks, the debris from a wall structure, ridge-end tiles, and bronze objects.

Status of survey of the site of Jeseoksa Temple in Iksan and a nearby dumpsite

Layout drawing of the buildings located at Jeseoksa Temple Site in Iksan

The eastern foundation of the site of the western roofed corridor (taken from the east)

The site of the southern roofed corridor at the site of the Middle Gate (taken from the east)

The status of soil formation for the site of the soutnern roofed corridor (taken from the northwest)

The staus of soil mound formation in the southern section of the temple area (taken from the west)

An aerial photo of the site of the sermon hall

Aa aerial photo of the western side of the sermon hall

An aerial photo of the site of the monks’ quarters

A view of the site of the monks’ quarters (taken from the monks’ quarters)

Concerning the Bowonsa Temple Site (Historic Site, designated in July 1987), the temple is thought to date back to the Baekje Period, in connection with the existence of the Seosan Rock-carved Buddha Triad, which is called “Rhe smile of Baekje,” and the Standing Gilt-bronze Buddha of Baekje, which was unearthed at this site in 1968. According to the relevant records, the temple was in its prime during the Goryeo Period, and remained active until the Joseon Period. By and by, the temple lost its luster, fell into a state of abandon and disrepair, and now it is difficult to find any trace of it at all, as private houses have been built in nearby places. The Chungnam Provincial Office, Seosan City, and the Buyeo National Institute of Cultural Heritage started conducting an excavation survey in 2006 with a view to overhauling the site.

Under such circumstances, the Chungcheongnam-do Office and the city of Seosan signed an agreement with the Buyeo National Institute of Cultural Heritage in 2006 for a comprehensive overhaul of the temple area. Under the agreement, the Institute carried out excavation surveys on seven different occasions until 2012.

We found that the western section of the temple areas, in which a 5-tiered stone pagoda is located, was the site for temple buildings dating back to the mid- to late Goryeo Period and the early Joseon Period. The top layer of soil indicates the sites of the buildings that are associated with temples built dating back to the mid- to late Joseon Period. They are located around the stone pagoda. The sites are believed to be associated with Gangdangsa, which is recorded as being the last building of Bowonsa Temple.
The lower layer of the soil indicates building sites. They are thought to have been the central buildings of Bowonsa Temple, which dates back to the late Goryeo Period or the early Joseon Period. Sites found at the bottom form groups. It is believed that their central building was surrounded by roofed corridors. This is thought to be the case based on the existence of western and southern roofed corridor sites. The eastern part of the southern section was a stone embankment that formed a boundary with the outside. A group of buildings existed on two-tiered ground, with the buildings on each tier having different centers. The sites of the buildings in the southern section appear to have formed a different group from those in the center. This indicates the possibility that the temple buildings had plural structures.

Judging from what is inscribed on the pagoda remaining on the site and relevant literature, Bowonsa Temple is thought to have been a prosperous temple, but it has been unclear when it was founded and when it closed. The survey that was carried out this time confirmed the scope of the temple area and when it was founded. Many relics dating back to the Goryeo Period, including celadon made in the 9th or 10th centuries, were unearthed from the eastern section of the site. It indicates the possibility of the temple buildings having been built at the time of its foundation or of having been refurbished during the Goryeo Period. Relics from the Goryeo Period were found throughout the temple site and the slope in the eastern section, which showing the scope of the temple, was very large. However, despite our beliefs, there appears to be a remote possibility that temple buildings associated with the Rock-carved Buddha Triad in Seosan actually may exist within the Bowonsa Temple site.

Status of excavation survey of the site of Bowonsa Temple in Seosan

A view of the Bowonsa Temple Site in Seosan (taken from the west)

A view of the western section of the Bowonsa Temple Site in Seosan (taken from the west)

Bricks inscribed with letters (2012)

Pottery unearthed from the eastern section of the temple area (2012)

Pottery unearthed from the eastern section of the temple area (2012)

Pottery unearthed from the eastern section of the temple area (2012)

Pottery unearthed from the eastern section of the temple area (2012)

Pottery unearthed from the eastern section of the temple area (2012)

Pottery unearthed from the eastern section of the temple area (2012)

Pottery unearthed from the eastern section of the temple area (2012)

The purpose of the surface survey of the Baekje ancient tombs in Buyeo-gun, which was the central district during the Sabi Baekje Period, is to determine their status and use the information gathered as a basic material for academic research on and overhaul of these historic sites. Given such a purpose, this Institute conducted precision surface surveys of the Baekje ancient tombs in Buyeo (Two towns a year) for twelve years between 1992 and 2003. (For the full details, see below.)

Areas surveyed

Buyeo-eup (December 14 ~ 19, 1992)
Chochon-myeon and Seokseong-myeon, Buyeo-gun (March 8 ~ 20, 1994)
Nam-myeon, Buyeo-gun (September 18 ~ October 7, 1995)
Chochon-myeon and Seokseong-myeon, Buyeo-gun (February 13 ~ 24, 1997)
Oesan-myeon and Imcheon-myeon, Buyeo-gun (March 23 ~ April 14, 1998)
Chunghwa-myeon and Yanghwa-myeon, Buyeo-gun (March 9 ~ 30, 1999)
Jangam-myeon and Sedo-myeon, Buyeo-gun (February 12 ~ March 15, 2000)
Nam-myeon and Oksan-myeon, Buyeo-gun (February 12 ~ March 9, 2001)
Naesan-myeon, Hongsan-myeon, Guryong-myeon, Buyeo-gun (February 21 ~ March 20, 2002)
Guryong-myeon, Eunsan-myeon, Gyuam-myeon, Buyeo-gun (February 10 ~ March 7, 2003)

Results of survey

As the central district of the capital of Sabi Baekje, Buyeo-gun is home to many historic sites, including tombs and temple sites, which are useful materials concering the culture and history of the Baekje Dynasty. The structures and forms of the tombs and materials unearthed from them are important materials from which we can conjecture as to the way of life and mentality of the people of that time, the extent of the influence of native inhabitants of Buyeo, etc.

The number of ancient tombs of Baekje identified in Buyeo-gun, including those in Neungsan-ri surveyed during the colonial period, come to more than 120. Through the surface surveys carried out from 1992, this institute identified more than 70 tombs in Buyeo-gun and published a four-volume report on them. Most of the tombs identified by this institute are tunnel-type stone-chamber tombs made of stone slabs. In Hapjeong-ri, Osu-ri and Hamyang-ri, Gyuam-myeon, we identified a large number of ancient tombs similar to those found in Neungsan-ri, Yeomchang-ri, Buyeo-eup.

View of No.3 tomb, Neungan Valley, Neungsan-ri

View of the stone chamber, Ansan No.1 tomb, Hongyeon-ri, Oksan-myeon, Buyeo

View (From north) of Tomb No. 4, Gusin Village, Mungeo 2(i)-ri, Oesan-myeon, Buyeo

View (From South) of the stone-chamber tomb, Seocheon Village, Onhae 1(il)-ri, Naesan-myeon

Interior view (From South) of the stone-chamber tomb, Onhae 1(il)-ri, Naesan-myeon