The Stone Pagoda at Mireuksa Temple Site, Iksan was built in the Baekje Period, during the reign of King Mu (600-641). According to Samguk-yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms), on the way to Sajasa Temple, King Mu and his queen saw an apparition of the Maitreya triad. They decided to build a temple on the spot, but it happened to be the site of a pond. Monk Jimyeong helped the king to fill up the pond overnight and accomplish their wish. Mireuksa Temple was completed finally with a layout constituting three areas, each containing a Buddha hall named Geumdang (golden hall) and pagoda.
Thought the pagoda is estimated to have been nine stories originally, it was collapsed before the 17th century and now only six stories remained. In 1915 the Japanese roughly reinforced the broken part with concrete and up until 2001 the pagoda had remained in this deformed shape. The stone pagoda at Mireuk Temple Site is known to be the biggest and oldest (judging by style) stone pagoda extant in Korea. The cross shaped corridor on the first story, central interior column, and structure of the ceiling are characteristic features of ancient stone pagodas.
Cording to the results of a structural safety inspection on 1998, The Cultural Properties Committee decided to dismantle and repair the pagoda for its continued conservation. Jeollabuk-do Administration had started scaffolding construction and begum preparing for dismantling from 1999. In November 2001, the National Research Institute of cultural Heritage began removing the concrete and has been safely dismantling and handling and the separate pieces of the pagoda The work of dismantling and the excavation survey was completed by 2010. The project to dismantle and excavate the Three-story Stone Pagoda of Bulguksa Temple was completed in 2010. The pagoda is currently undergoing repair and conservation treatment work.

Repair and Restoration Process of Stone Pagoda at Mireuksa Temple Site, Iksan

According to the results of a structural safety inspection on 1998, The Cultural Properties Committee decided to dismantle and repair the pagoda for its continued conservation. In preparation for the project, a makeshift hut was set up in 1991 on the temple grounds in Jeollabuk-do and, after October 2001, the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage took over the project, removing the concrete that had been slapped onto the pagoda for reinforcement purposes and conducting a structural analysis of the disassembled pagoda.

Traditional stonemasons had to break the concrete around the stone pagoda that was cast to enforce the structure in 1915 under Japanese rule. This was in order to remove the stone pagoda from the damaged section. The amount of concrete removed from the site as of 2004 was 185 tons.

A professional grappler had to use a 10ton hoist to carry the stone pagoda and the damaged section safely. The dissembling and transfer of a stone pagoda requires years of experience and advanced skills.

As the stonework was dismantled, the first base of the stone pagoda, and the inner foundation stone, were exposed. From the disassembly of the southwestern section of the stonework it appeared that the newly-found stone statue was in excellent condition, with almost no damage to the face and body. It is assumed that the stone statue was built prior to the stone pagoda.

The stone pagoda’s first base level and inner foundation stone were tilted and displaced, making it imperative to disassemble the structure in order to carry out safe repair and restoration work. In January 2009, during the creation of the cruciform passage, many well-preserved artifacts such as the Sari Urn, which was buried during the reign of King Muwang of Baekje, were excavated.

Repair and Restoration Process of Stone Pagoda at Mireuksa Temple Site, Iksan

Before disassembly, the shape of each piece is precisely surveyed with a digital measuring device and the information is recorded as electronic data (three-dimensioned data). Also, in the case of pieces that unavoidably end up in a different position after repair, the difference in position is measured and recorded in order to produce records for comparison and evaluation of the pagoda before and after the restoration project.

The configuration and elevation of all pieces of the pagoda are recorded along with photographs and plans. The survey records of each piece are used to analyze construction techniques and condition and are also used as data for repair and restoration of the pieces.

Measuring points recorded with a digital theodolite Benchmarking scheme Digital solids of all the pieces and their shapes as they appear in the process of dismantling are produced with 3D scanning. Motion simulation and modeling data are produced from the 3D solids to provide basic materials for academic research and structural analysis of the pagoda, as well as investigation of reasons for its collapse.

The Stone Pagoda at Mireuksa Temple Site, Iksan was built in the Baekje Period, during the reign of King Mu (600-641). According to Samguk-yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms), on the way to Sajasa Temple, King Mu and his queen saw an apparition of the Maitreya triad. They decided to build a temple on the spot, but it happened to be the site of a pond. Monk Jimyeong helped the king to fill up the pond overnight and accomplish their wish. Mireuksa Temple was completed finally with a layout constituting three areas, each containing a Buddha hall named Geumdang (golden hall) and pagoda.
Thought the pagoda is estimated to have been nine stories originally, it was collapsed before the 17th century and now only six stories remained. In 1915 the Japanese roughly reinforced the broken part with concrete and up until 2001 the pagoda had remained in this deformed shape. The stone pagoda at Mireuk Temple Site is known to be the biggest and oldest (judging by style) stone pagoda extant in Korea. The cross shaped corridor on the first story, central interior column, and structure of the ceiling are characteristic features of ancient stone pagodas.
Cording to the results of a structural safety inspection on 1998, The Cultural Properties Committee decided to dismantle and repair the pagoda for its continued conservation. Jeollabuk-do Administration had started scaffolding construction and begum preparing for dismantling from 1999. In November 2001, the National Research Institute of cultural Heritage began removing the concrete and has been safely dismantling and handling and the separate pieces of the pagoda The work of dismantling and the excavation survey was completed by 2010. At present, the work of preservation treatment, repair, and maintenance is under way.

Repair and Restoration Process of Stone Pagoda at Mireuksa Temple Site, Iksan

Based on the characteristics of the stone used to construct the stone pagoda, the quarry site, the biological organism colonization and removal trial, and the evaluation of surface pollutants and removal trial, conservation treatment plans were formulated and future conservation management measures established.

The conversation treatment procedure for a section of damaged stone is as follows: cleansing – application of adhesive – application of filler – reinforcement – application of water repellent treatment – color correction. The removal of pollutants is conducted based on the type and degree of damage: both wet and dry methods may be used to reduce the risk of damage.

To reinforce the damaged section, stainless steel, titanium, copper, or resin mortar pins are inserted, based on the condition and reusable parts of the stone.
Damaged fragments are glued together using epoxy resin, which is also inserted as filler into cracks.

The color is carefully restored with acrylic paint after processing the surface ith mineral materials. Apply one to three layers of water repellent depending on the stone's condition.

For parts requiring the restoration of their original shape and form, new stone is processed and added to the damaged section. Various tools are used to match the surface of the newly-processed stone to that of the original, weathered surface.

Repair and Restoration Process of Stone Pagoda at Mireuksa Temple Site, Iksan

In the process of dismantling the stone pagoda, 684 artifacts classified into 19 categories at the level of National Treasures, including an urn containing ‘sari’ (Sacred relics of a Buddha), were discovered in a square-shaped case in the center of the first level stone (25cm long x 27cm deep). Among the excavated artifacts, the sarira requary was confirmed to consist of three ‘layers’, i.e., an outer urn, an inner urn, and a glass bottle. An examination of the inscription ‘Geumjesaribongyeonggi’ (“Respectful welcome of a golden urn”) revealed that the stone pagoda was constructed in the “Gihaenyeon” year (639 A.D.).

Purpose of research

• To establish an maintenance plan with the Mireuksa Temple Site’s features and surroundings taken into consideration
• To conduct restoration/archaeological verification research on major building sites with a view to their systematic restoration and maintenance
• Research on how to develop the area into a historical/cultural site and how to link it with nearby areas

Major development (2013)

• Analysis of the status of the site and basic research on how to maintain it
• Survey of the drainage system and water channels within the site
• Research on how to improve information panels and the visitors’ path

Major promotional plan (2014)

• Designation of the scope of maintenance of major parts of the site and the relevant methods
• Research on skills and materials to be used for maintenance
• Basic plan for the improvement of protective and public facilities
• Basic restoration/archaeological verification research (layout and demarcation; foundation and stone embankment)

Preliminary Survey and Record of Present Conditions of Stone Pagodas

1. Survey of Structural Methods

Surveys have been conducted on the methods of constructing stone pagodas and on the size and location of extant structures. Measurement data are analyzed and used as fundamental data for restoration.

2. 3-Dimensional Configuration Records

We have performed 3-dimensional scanning in order to secure records and basic data for the preservation management of pre-maintenance stone pagodas. Through this 3-dimensional scanning, structural analysis of the present conditions - using techniques such as video, precise measurement, mapping and interpretation - can be conducted, and the conditions of artificial and natural damage can be expressed through simulations.

3. Weather Damage Survey

In order to assess the severity of damage to individual pagodas and formulate future preser-vation management plans, we have created weathering diagrams based on onsite surveys and experimental studies. The weathering diagrams are divided into four principal categories (i.e., surface weathering, surface pollution, biological damage, and repair materials), which are then further divided into sub-categories. Photographic and 3D diagrams have allowed us to determine the overlap between these categories with increasing accuracy. In particular, the analysis of SEM/EDX and ion levels related to surface pollution and biological damage has been used to provide fundamental data for the removal of surface pollutants.

1. Water Leakage Prevention Research

The East and West Three-story Stone Pagodas at Gameunsa Temple Site, Gyeongju are affected by water leakage, occurring along the joints where roofstone sections meet. Water leakage is affecting also Dabotap of Bulguksa Temple, Gyeongju, in spite of the drainage present along the square parapet encircling the pagoda. We investigated the functionality of the drainage, the causes of water leakage and the damage to the condition of the building stone, and studied action plans to repair leaks and prevent water damage, in order to determine a disassembly and repair methodology.

2. Tenon Restoration Research

Tenons are an important structural component for joining two pieces of wood or stone. Some of the tenons of the three-story stone pagoda in the Gameunsa Temple Site have been lost during a repair. For reconstruction of the pagoda, we surveyed the wedge grooves and analyzed the wedge size and composition in order to make experimental models, as well as studying the connection methods used for the wedges. The results of this study have been reflected in the maintenance work.

3. Repair Strategy Research

Structural risk was recently identified in the West Three-story Stone Pagodas at Gameunsa Temple Site, Gyeongju, whose parts had become extensively displaced, creating gaps. The pagoda was disassembled from its pinnacle to the support stone to the topmost roofstone. The ten disassembled pieces are currently being studied by researchers of the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage to determine the best restoration strategy. Their joints are examined, and structural calculation is performed through the analysis of the central axis.

4. Conservation Treatment Research

A variety of conservation agents are being used on aging stone structures, ranging from reinforcing agents to improve the resistance of weathered stone components to binding agents applied to adjoining parts that have separated from each other and fillers for plugging holes created from erosion.
As the use and effect of this agent varies depending on the type of stone and the degree of weathering sustained, we have engaged in experimental studies on individual towers to select the most effective restorative agent.

5. Research on stone types for replacement parts

To provide scientific information on the properties of stones used for the construction of historical pagodas and assist restoration specialists with the selection of stones for fabrication of replacement parts, the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage measures their whole rock magnetic susceptibility rate and performs gamma spectrometer analysis. The type of stone used for the construction of the East and West Three-story Pagodas of the Gameunsa Temple Site , Gyeongju was determined precisely through these procedures. Stones of an identical variety were quarried from a nearby site, for use in the restoration of the two pagodas.

Conservation Treatment of Stone Structures

1. Removal of Surface Pollution Buildups

The leakage at the waterway seams at three-tier stone pagoda Okgaeseok on west and east Gameunsaji are causing the soil to escape and corroding the stone pagoda’s surface. The damage is furthered by winds. There are waterways following the handrails that surround Dabotap Pagoda but foreign objects and weathered waterway is causing the seams to leak. We investigated the functionality of the drainage, the causes of water leakage and the damage to the condition of the building stone, and studied action plans to repair leaks and prevent water damage, in order to determine a disassembly and repair methodology.

2. Emergency Conservation Treatment

During a recent repair and maintenance of the West Three-story Stone Pagodas at Gameunsa Temple Site, Gyeongju structural instability was detected in the eastern pagoda of the same temple site. Its upper base stone and second-level body stone were about to get detached from the rest of the structure. These sections were given an emergency conservation treatment by our team of conservation scientists. A similar emergency intervention has been made to the three-story pagoda of Bulguksa Temple, a portion of whose finial was breaking off.

3. Treatment Recordkeeping

All treatments dispensed for conservation of a cultural heritage structure and building are recorded in detail to eliminate repeat errors in the choice of a treatment regime. The treatment logs, planned to be used for compilation of a conservation treatment manual, are also aimed at facilitating future monitoring activities by providing a complete history of treatments.

4. Weather Monitoring

To gather atmospheric environment data of the Gameunsa Temple Site and Bulguksa Temple, the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage set up an automatic weather station in both sites, in 2004 and 2006. In Bulguksa, to monitor microenvironmental deviations, an anemo-meter was installed near Seokgatap, and a thermometer and a hygrometer inside Dabotap.

1. Structural Safety Inspection and Monitoring of Stone Pagodas

Our conservation science team uses electro-optical distance measuring instruments and crack meters to determine the progress of deterioration of stone pagodas, including displacement, splitting, gaping and damage to stone itself. Stone pagodas are regularly inspected for their integrity to take speedy dispositions upon discovery of signs of deterioration.

2. Continuous Measurement System

Structural distortion started to occur to the three-story stone pagoda of Bulguksa Temple, with its lower base twisted and separated from the rest of the edifice, due to the inner foundation becoming hollow. The pagoda is currently being monitored for structural movements, using a continuous measurement system. The data gathered from this system will be used to determine the precise time-frame for a repair.

3. Structural interpretation through the analysis of the central axis

The structural interpretation of the stone pagoda based on the results of analysis of the central axis is crucial for preventing breakage and splitting caused by structural transformation. Using 3D structural interpretation techniques, our conservation experts work on identifying root causes to structural changes so as to develop a coherent and effective reinforcement strategy to be used during the restoration of the three-story pagoda.

Outline

Hwangnyongsa Temple is mentioned in major ancient historical chronicles such as Samguk sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms) and Memorabilia of the Samguk yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms). The temple was originally meant to be a palace. During the construction of what was to become a palace in the eastern section of Wolseong in Gyeongju, in the 14th year of the reign of King Jinheung (553), it was reported that a yellow dragon had appeared at the site. Upon hearing this report, the Silla king ordered that the edifice under construction be turned into a Buddhist temple rather than a palace. The temple was completed in the 30th year of the reign of King Jinheung (569). Five years after its completion, a gigantic Buddha statue over 3m high was cast, and a separate sanctuary (Geumdang) was built in the 6th year of the reign of King Jinpyeong's reign (584) to house it. In the 12th year of Queen Seondeok's reign (643), a nine-story wooden pagoda was erected on the advice of a monk named Jajang to pray for Silla's success in deterring incursions by Japanese pirates. Similarly, Hwangnyongsa Temple was a large temple built over a lengthy period of 93 years, and which was then repaired and rebuilt several times over, surviving until the Goryeo period. However, in the 25th year of the reign of King Gojong of Goryeo, it was completely destroyed during a Mongol invasion, so today only the site remains. The wide, bare site of Hwangnyongsa Temple remains, but an 8-year-long excavation survey conducted from 1976 revealed the full scale of the magnificent temple built in the Silla period. The more than 40,000 artifacts unearthed from the site becameinvaluable materials for the study of that period. Thanks to the results of this excavation, the Hwangnyongsa Temple was registered as part of the Gyeongju Historic Area, which was itself registered as a World Heritage Site in December 2000.

The Hwangnyongsa Temple Area was purchased as part of the Gyeongju Tourism Comprehensive Development Plan, which enabled extensive excavation surveys and historic site maintenance to be conducted there. The historic site maintenance team, using the results of the excavation as the basis of its work, arranged and embanked the foundation stones and planted grass, as well as engaging in protective measures to preserve the remains of the structures. They also installed information boards and wooden steps for visitors

Subsequently, the city of Gyeongju decided to restore Hwangnyongsa to its original appearance, and requested the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage to draw up a restoration master plan and host an international conference on the topic. After a feasibility study, the master plan was completed in 2007

Progress

Progress Results (February 2006 ~)

• Creation of Work Plan : Sep. ~ Oct. 2009.
• Launch Briefing Session : 28 December 2005.
• On-site Survey of Japanese Restoration Precedents : 6~11 February 2006 (Nara, Kyoto, Osaka regions)
• On-site Survey of Chinese Restoration Precedents : 28 August to 3 September 2006.
• Public Hearing : 14 December 2006.
• Publication of Master Plan Report : January 2007
• Establishment of a comprehensive plan : December 2007
• Basic research for the restoration of Hwangnyongsa Temple : four occasions between August 2007 and March 2011
  • Vol. 1 : Study of Hwangnyongsa Temple relics from an architectural perspective
  • Vol. 2 : Basic research on past cases of restoration
  • Vol. 3 : Survey research on the structure of ancient building sites
  • Vol. 4 : Status of research on Hwangnyongsa Temple, a material presented at a symposium, November 2008
  • Vol. 5 : Basic research on the Main Hall of Hwangnyongsa Temple
  • Vol. 6 : Research on the groundwork of Hwangnyongsa Temple
  • Vol. 7 : Relics unearthed from Hwangnyongsa Temple
  • Vol. 8 : Historical study for the restoration of Hwangnyongsa Temple
  • Vol. 9 : Research on the preservation of the Hwangnyongsa Temple
• Survey of cases in China, October 2008
• Survey of cases in Japan, December 2008
• Symposium concerning the restoration of Hwangnyongsa Temple, November 2008
• Workshop for basic research on restoration, November 2009
• Presentation of results of basic research on restoration, April 2010
• Survey of sites in China, November 2010
• Forum for basic research on restoration, December 2012
• Establishment of a comprehensive plan for the restoration of Hwangnyongsa, April 2011 ~ June 2012
  • Vol. 10 : Comprehensive plan for the restoration of Hwangnyongsa Temple,
  • Vol. 11 : Basic historical study for the restoration of Hwangnyongsa Temple

Outline

We brought together foreign and domestic scholars and experts related to the promotion of restoration work at Hwangnyongsa Temple. Through wide-reaching debates concerning scientific and practical evidence of the methods and significance of restoration and the kinds of problems that can arise, we were able to take another look at the principles and issues of reconstruction. We also selected and announced a collective proposal developed through the results of this conference’s debates.

- Conference Dates : 28~29 April 2006 (Two Days)
- Conference Venue : Grand Ballroom, Hilton Hotel, Bomun Estate, Gyeongju

Participants

This conference brought together foreign and domestic experts to engage in public debates on historical site preservation, the significance of restoration, and the kinds of problems that may arise during restoration, to allow for the development of a solid base for feasibility studies and restoration work on the Hwangnyongsa Temple.

- Announced Participants : Foreign and Domestic Experts in Traditional Architecture, Cultural Relics and Related Fields.
- International Invitees : Experts in Cultural Relics from more than Four Countries, including Italy, the UK, Japan and China.
- Free Observation: Anyone with an interest in the subject.

Official Language

- Official Languages: Korean, English
- We provided simultaneous interpretation services during the meeting for invitees from non-English-speaking countries (4 countries).

Conference Topics

- Part I : “The Significance of Historical Site Restoration”
- Part II : “Practical Precedents for the Preservation and Restoration of Historical Sites.”
- Part III : “Feasibility Studies on the Restoration of Hwangnyongsa Temple”
- Part IV : “Issues and Review of Hwangnyongsa Temple Restoration”

Collective Suggestions

Hwangnyongsa Temple, whose construction was begun in 553 and completed in 645, is an important historical heritage site which demonstrates the essence of Silla Buddhist culture. The speakers and debaters that attended the Hwangnyongsa Temple International Academic Conference held in Gyeongju on the 28tth and 29th of April 2006 gave the following recommendations.

One : Value and Meaning
The restoration of Hwangnyongsa Temple is worth reviewing from the historical, educational and tourism perspectives, and will be a source of pride for both the people of Gyeongju and Korea as a whole.

Two : Direction of the Reconstruction Plan
The reconstruction of Hwangnyongsa Temple must be pursued in a direction that respects its inherent status as a cultural heritage.

Three : Necessity of Research
There needs to be a sufficient preliminary accumulation of in-depth studies in various fields for the reconstruction of Hwangnyongsa Temple to proceed smoothly.

Four : Methodology of Reconstruction
The reconstruction of Hwangnyongsa Temple must be cautiously promoted to meet with the special historical and cultural characteristics of Gyeongju while complying fully with international preservation standards.

Five : Consensus
Opinions must be widely collected on the reconstruction of Hwangnyongsa Temple, not just from related scholars and experts but also from the local community and civil groups.

Research Outcomes

Hwangnyongsa Temple Research Series 1
- Architectural Considerations on the Remains of Hwangnyongsa Temple

Hwangnyongsa Temple Research Series 2
- Basic Research on Technical Precedents for Restoration and Maintenance

Hwangnyongsa Temple Research Series 3
- Survey Studies on the Surface and Structural Systems of Ancient Buildings

Hwangnyongsa Temple Research Series 4
- The Present Situation and Research Tasks concerning Hwangnyongsa Temple

Hwangnyongsa Temple Research Series 5
- Basic Studies on the Main Building of Hwangnyongsa Temple

Hwangnyongsa Temple Research Series 6
- Basic Studies on the Restoration of Hwangnyongsa Temple

Hwangnyongsa Temple Research Series 7
- Interred Remains Unearthed from Hwangnyongsa Temple’s Central Section

Hwangnyongsa Temple Research Series 8
- Historical Research concerning the Restoration of Hwangnyongsa Temple

Hwangnyongsa Temple Research Series 9
- Research on New Directions for the Maintenance and Protection of Historical Vestiges in the Hwangnyongsa Temple Area

Outline

Following the first excavation surveys of the Jeongnimsa Temple Area by Japanese scholars during the Japanese Imperial Period, the temple site was used as a Baekje pagoda park. As such, the full story of the temple complex was not revealed until the 1979-80 excavation survey by Chungnam University. The results of the survey led to the ‘earth-sheltering’ and maintenance of Jeongnimsa temple and to the erection of a protective canopy over the stone Buddha in the main hall area. Recently, the Jeongnimsa Temple Area Museum was opened to provide information and tourism materials about the historic features of the site. Maintenance work on the Jeongnimsa Temple Area began as part of a restoration and maintenance project with historical and cultural dimensions, and the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage’s Gameunsa Temple Site, Gyeongju Restoration and Maintenance Team put the master plan for the site into effect in October 2005, and completed it in December 2006.

Plan Objective

- Reproduction of Baekje Architectural Culture
- Redevelopment of the Tourism Environment through Effective Maintenance

Plan Direction

- Effective Maintenance Plans for Redevelopment of the Tourism Environment
- Basic Planning for Social and Economic Feasibility Studies related to the Promotion of the Restoration and Maintenance Projects at the Jeongnimsa Temple Area

Basic Plan

- Area Reestablishment : Reconstruction and specialization of the Jeongnimsa Temple Area domain (restoration and maintenance) and the museum domain; domain planning for a practical application space between the Jeongnimsa Temple Area and the existing museum.
- Maintenance of the Tile Kiln Site : Construction of a Protective Canopy after Maintenance of the Baekje Tile Kiln Site
- Spatial Planning for Buyeo Residents : Expansion of Rest Facilities and Spaces for Commemorative Events
- Improvement of Amenities : Supplementation of Tourist Information Systems and Construction of Leisure and Information Facilities
- Improvement of Landscaping: Package Plans for Each Area and Planning for Landscaping

Outline

Taking into consideration the fact that the Gameunsa Temple complex was constructed using the techniques of the United Silla period, we plan to use traditional materials and to source solutions from the period in order to generate a more meaningful understanding of such histo-rical sites for the public. We also plan to prepare a window for sharing information that can be used in the study of the culture and history of the entire region including the Gameunsa Temple region, and to use this to promote vivid and realistic historical education.

Plan Objective

Redevelopment of the Tourism Environment based on Effective Maintenance
Reproduction of Silla Architectural Culture and Its Use as a Window into Historical and Cultural Succession

Plan Direction

Compliance with the Principles of the Protection and Practical Use of Historic Artifacts
Maximum Restoration of Historic Remains to their Original Form
Planning for Maintenance Methods allowing for the Reversion of Historic Remains

Plan Contents

- Planning for Historical Site Restoration and Maintenance Methodology
- Redevelopment of Gameunsa Temple and Service Areas
- Provision of Observation Amenities through Information Centers and Sales Facilities
- Improvement of the Surrounding Landscape through the Demolition of Private Houses and Industrial Facilities
- Planning for Excavation Studies of Surrounding Areas Not Yet Excavated
- Planning for the Expansion of the Cultural Heritage Protection Area
- Construction of a Recreation Green Space in the Gameunsa Temple Site, Gyeongju
- Creation of a Project Promotion Plan